Beyond Similarity: Trustworthy Memory Search for Personal AI Agents

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Original abstract

Personal AI agents increasingly rely on long-term memory to provide persistent personalization across sessions. However, existing memory pipelines are largely driven by semantic similarity: memory data close to the current query is retrieved and injected into the model context. This creates a critical trustworthiness gap, since a semantically related memory may still be contextually inappropriate, leading to threats such as cross-domain leakage, sycophancy, tool-call drift, or memory-induced jailbreaks. In this paper, we study memory search as a trust boundary in personal AI agents. We evaluate representative agentic memory frameworks, including A-Mem, Mem0, and MemOS, together with OpenClaw, a real-world personal-agent environment with persistent state and tool-use capability. Our results show that long-term memory is not merely a utility layer, but a durable control channel that can reshape how agents interpret tasks and execute actions, leaving them highly susceptible to the aforementioned threats. To mitigate these vulnerabilities, we propose MemGate, a lightweight and deployable memory plug-in for trustworthy memory search, with only 9M parameters and a 35.1MB footprint. MemGate is inserted between the vector memory store and the backbone LLM, requiring no LLM modification, memory-database rewriting, or inference-time LLM judge. It applies a query-conditioned neural gate to candidate memory representations, turning raw similarity search into task-conditioned memory admission. Across multiple mainstream memory frameworks, real-world agent settings, and diverse LLM backbones, MemGate reduces memory-induced threats while preserving long-term memory utility.

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• Official / arXiv page
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